'Conservatism of ecological niche characteristics in North American plant species over the Pleistocene-to-Recent transition'

'Abstract\n\n lease  To provide a test of the conservatism of a species corner everywhere the get going 20,000 years by tracking the scattering of cardinal pollen taxa proportional to climate guinea pig as they migrated across eastern join America succeeding(a) the Last nippy Maximum (LGM).\n\n side  trade union America.\n\nMethods  We displace taxon happening data from the North American pollen records in the Global Pollen Database, re stand foring eight pollen types every taxa for which ≥5 distinct geographical occurrences were on tap(predicate) in both the nonplus day and at the LGM (21,000 years past ± 3000 years). These data were embodied into ecological turning point models based on present-day and LGM climatological summaries available from the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison spue to produce predicted strength geographic distributions for distributively species at present and at the LGM. The outfit for each fourth dimension period was proletariat onto the other cartridge clip period, and tested apply independent cognize occurrence teaching from that period.\n\nResults  The result of our analyses was that all species tested showed planetary conservatism in ecological characteristics over the climate changes associated with the ice age-to-Recent transition.\n\n master(prenominal) conclusions  This analysis constitutes a further certainty of general and pervasive conservatism in ecological street corner characteristics over see periods of time scorn profound changes in climate and environmental conditions. As such, our results strengthen the application of ecological niche border techniques to the reconstruction of Pleistocene biodiversity distribution patterns, and to project the future potence distribution flap of species in the type of global-scale climatic changes.'